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Kathryn R. Mahaffey Papers

 Collection
Identifier: MS C 635

Abstract

Articles, reports, presentations, and research data compiled and generated by Dr. Kathryn Mahaffey which document studies of chemical contaminants in foods, especially lead and mercury, and measures taken to reduce risk from the 1970s through the 2000s.

Dates

  • 1972-2009

Extent

39.4 Linear Feet (33 boxes)

1.24 Gigabytes (4,794 electronic files)

Creator

Physical Location

Materials stored onsite. History of Medicine Division. National Library of Medicine

Language of Materials

Collection materials primarily in English

Access Restrictions

No restrictions on access.

Copyright and Re-use Information

Donor's copyrights were transferred to the public domain. Archival collections often contain mixed copyrights; while NLM is the owner of the physical items, permission to examine collection materials is not an authorization to publish. These materials are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study. It is the user's responsibility to research and understand any applicable copyright and re-publication rights not allowed by fair use. NLM does not grant permissions to publish.

Privacy Information

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Biographical Note

Dr. Kathryn R. Mahaffey was an influential biochemist and nutritionist whose career focused on identifying environmental contaminants that particularly affect children, pregnant women, and disadvantaged populations and advocating for public health reforms. Mahaffey graduated from Pennsylvania State University and earned a PhD in biochemistry and nutrition from Rutgers along with post-doctoral work in neuro-endocrinology at the University of North Carolina.

Joining the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1972, Dr. Mahaffey focused on lead contamination in food. She quantified various means of lead exposure and identified measures that were subsequently undertaken to reduce the risk. Data for these conclusions was generated through early iterations of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a series of studies begun in the 1960s evaluating and identifying risks and dangers in the American diet.

Beginning in 1983, as a branch chief at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Dr. Mahaffey led the development of screening techniques to identify various potential environmental chemical contaminants, much of which information was disseminated in the Registry of Effects of Chemical Substances.

In the 1990s, coordinating with the National Institute for Environmental Safety and Health (NIEHS) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), she participated in risk assessment studies for human exposure to mercury and methylmercury. Mahaffey was a primary author of the Mercury Study Report to Congress (1996), which for the first time quantified the threat of mercury in human diets, particularly through fish.

Dr. Mahaffey served from 2000 to 2006 as director of the FDA’s Division of Exposure Assessment, Coordination and Policy within the Office of Science Coordination and Policy of OPPTS, which concentrated on evaluating environmental contamination’s effect on the human endocrine system. Leaving the government after 35 years in 2007, she joined the health data analysis firm Westat, and also served as a public health and toxicology lecturer at George Washington University School of Public Health.

Complementing her administrative and research work, she wrote over 100 articles on environmental contamination, its dissemination through food, and its effects on the human body. Dr. Mahaffey’s influential research and advocacy was recognized with awards such as the EPA’s Science Achievement Award in Health Sciences and the Society of Toxicology’s Arnold Lehman Award for regulatory toxicology and risk assessment. Mahaffey died on June 2, 2009.

Collection Summary

The collection contains articles and scientific writings, professional meetings and conference materials, reports, correspondence, administrative records, electronic records, and awards, documenting Mahaffey’s research and career relating to environmental contaminants ingested by humans primarily through food. Subjects include environmental exposure and pollution, food contamination, endocrine disruptors, lead poisoning and toxicity, mercury poisoning and toxicity, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The bulk of the collection consists of meeting and conference files, reports, subject research files, and secondary research articles. There is little personal or biographical content.

Series 1: Personal and Biographical, is arranged chronologically; a minimal series containing one award, curriculum vitae and biographical sketches, photographs from a working trip to Japan, and correspondence relating to her appointment as an assistant professor at Johns Hopkins.

Series 2: Correspondence, is arranged alphabetically by folder title; beyond two identified correspondents, none of the collection was originally arranged as correspondence. The remaining folders are small sets of general correspondence emails which were segregated from unfoldered material.

Series 3: Research Administration, is arranged alphabetically by folder title; this small collection of material mostly documents contracts for research with entities such as Johns Hopkins University, the state of Wisconsin, and Westat, and statistical data while Dr. Mahaffey worked with NIOSH and FDA. It also contains a late 1990s contacts list.

Series 4: Meetings and Conferences, is arranged chronologically by conference date; as an FDA official, Dr. Mahaffey participated in meetings both organized within the FDA and by international environmental health organizations. She kept copies of agendas and programs though very little personal documentation about her activities as an attendee. Of particular note is a set of 39 audiocassettes preserving the discussions held in several sessions at the Mercury and Food Supply Conference held in April 2004.

Series 5: Reports, is arranged alphabetically by folder title; it comprises a wide range of reports evaluating the effects of environmental contaminants on human quality of life. These originate from local to national agencies, both in the U.S. and internationally.

Series 6: Speeches/Presentations, is arranged chronologically by date of speech or presentation; this collection of material, rather than containing speech texts, is almost exclusively slides or transparent overhead sheets which accompanied Dr. Mahaffey’s public presentations.

Series 7: Writings, is arranged chronologically by publication date; contains over 70 scientific articles written or co-written by Dr. Mahaffey.

Series 8: Subject Research Files, is arranged alphabetically by folder title; this series contains information gathered by Dr. Mahaffey about specific environmental topics. Different than the Reports series, the content of this material, though sometimes articles, is largely data driven information. Endocrine disruption, fish consumption, mercury, and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) are the most common.

Series 9: Secondary Research Articles, is arranged alphabetically by folder title; the series date range reflects the dates of the information represented, not the dates of the physical materials. Unlike reports or subject research, this series holds reprints or photocopied articles only. The contents differ from Subject Research series in that they are comprised entirely of scientific articles relating to a general topic of concern. Topics of greater interest receive more delineated attention. For subjects such as mercury, for example, Dr. Mahaffey gathered information not just generally but also according to specific subsets of concern (for instance, "Mercury – neurotoxicity"; "Mercury – toxicity"). Large sections of this series are devoted to lead, mercury, endocrine disruption, and fish consumption.

Series 10: Computer files, is arranged chronologically with the creator's subdirectory structure; it comprises a range of files regarding research, presentations, conferences, awards, and writings related to Dr. Mahaffey's work on mercury studies.

Abstract

Articles, reports, presentations, and research data compiled and generated by Dr. Kathryn Mahaffey which document studies of chemical contaminants in foods, especially lead and mercury, and measures taken to reduce risk from the 1970s through the 2000s.

Physical Location

Materials stored onsite. History of Medicine Division. National Library of Medicine

Provenance

Gift, David Jacobs, 1/27/2010, Accession #2010-002.

Processing Information

The Kathryn R. Mahaffey Papers were rehoused from original containers into archival folders and boxes. In the course of final processing several categories of material were weeded from the original accession and discarded by the processing archivist: medical records, personnel records, financial records, loose and unorganized articles not authored by Mahaffey, duplicative government reports and publications, computer discs containing information already extant as paper records, audiovisual records, computer application data, out-of-scope saved websites, and duplicate items. Archivists augmented the original collection by conducting an Archive-It web crawl of selected websites.

Status
Edited Full Draft
Author
James Labosier; Caitlin Sullivan
Date
March 2013; Dec. 2022
Description rules
Describing Archives: A Content Standard
Language of description
English
Script of description
Latin
Language of description note
Finding aid is written in English
Edition statement
2.0

Collecting Area Details

Part of the Archives and Modern Manuscripts Collection Collecting Area

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