Skip to main content

Govt building

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure access Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Christian Anfinsen Papers

 Collection — Box: 43
Identifier: MS C 496

Abstract

Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Jr. (1916-1995), was an American biochemist who shared the 1972 Nobel Prize for work that helped explain the structure and composition of proteins in living cells. The collection consists primarily of materials related to Anfinsen's scientific career and is geared toward Anfinsen's research activities both inside and outside of the laboratory.

Dates

  • Creation: 1939-1999 (bulk 1964-1999)

Extent

18.8 Linear Feet (44 boxes)

Creator

Physical Location

Materials stored onsite. History of Medicine Division. National Library of Medicine

Language of Materials

Collection materials primarily in English

Restrictions

Portions of the collection are restricted. Contact the Reference Staff for information regarding access.

Copyright and Re-use Information

Donor's copyrights were transferred to the public domain. Archival collections often contain mixed copyrights; while NLM is the owner of the physical items, permission to examine collection materials is not an authorization to publish. These materials are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study. It is the user's responsibility to research and understand any applicable copyright and re-publication rights not allowed by fair use. NLM does not grant permissions to publish.

Privacy Information

Archives and manuscript collections may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in any collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications for which the National Library of Medicine assumes no responsibility.

Biographical Note

Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Jr., was born 26 March 1916 in Monessen, Pennsylvania, a small town south of Pittsburgh. His father, Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Sr., was a mechanical engineer; both he and his wife, Sophie Rasmussen Anfinsen, were Norwegian immigrants who taught their children the Norwegian language and heritage. After living for several years in the Pennsylvania town of Charleroi, the family moved to Philadelphia in the 1920s. In 1933, Anfinsen was admitted to Swarthmore College on a scholarship, where he studied chemistry and played football while working as a waiter in the dining hall. The 1937 edition of the Halcyon, the Swarthmore yearbook, described him this way: "With nostrils distended (denoting passion) [Anfinsen] strolls around campus under a mop of flaxen hair looking soulfully at the co-eds with big blue eyes." Reminiscing about his college years in 1964, Anfinsen noted humbly that "Everyone at Swarthmore was a genius except me."

After receiving his B.S. degree in chemistry in 1937, Anfinsen pursued graduate study at the University of Pennsylvania, where he worked toward a M.S. degree in organic chemistry in 1939 while serving as an assistant instructor. In 1939, the American Scandinavian Foundation awarded Anfinsen a fellowship to develop new methods for analyzing the chemical structure of complex proteins, namely enzymes, at the Carlsberg Laboratory in Copenhagen, Denmark. The dangerous environment created in Europe after the outbreak of World War Two, however, made it necessary for him to return to the United States in 1940. Alan Schechter, one of Anfinsen's postdoctoral students and later an NIH colleague, observed that Anfinsen "had the chance to see and understand the horrors then gripping Europe. His unusually deep and active sense of social responsibility certainly dated from that period, if not earlier."

In 1941, Anfinsen was offered a university fellowship for doctoral study in the Department of Biological Chemistry at Harvard Medical School. In November of that year, he married his first wife, Florence Bernice Kenenger, with whom he had three children. Anfinsen received his Ph.D. in biochemistry in 1943 after completing his dissertation, "Quantitative Histochemical Studies of the Retina," which also served as the basis of his first article [KKBBJM]. Anfinsen taught courses in biological chemistry at Harvard until 1950.

In 1950, the National Heart Institute, one part of the rapidly expanding National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, recruited Anfinsen as chief of its Laboratory of Cellular Phsyiology. In 1954, a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship enabled Anfinsen to return to the Carlsberg Laboratory in Copenhagen for a year with Kaj Linderstrom-Lang, and a Guggenheim Foundation fellowship allowed him to study at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, in 1958-1959.

In 1962, Anfinsen returned to Harvard Medical School as a visiting professor, and was promptly invited to become chair of the Department of Biological Chemistry. The NIH, however, wooed Anfinsen back to Bethesda. He was appointed Chief of the brand-new Laboratory of Chemical Biology at the National Arthritis Institute (now the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin diseases), where he remained until 1981. In 1972, Anfinsen was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry on the basis of groundbreaking work in protein chemistry that he had conducted since the early 1950s. He shared the prize with Stanford Moore and William H. Stein, both at Rockefeller University.

In 1978, Anfinsen and his wife were divorced. The following year, he married Libby Esther Shulman Ely and converted to Orthodox Judaism, a commitment he retained for the rest of his life. "Although my feelings about religion still very strongly reflect a fifty-year period of orthodox agnosticism," Anfinsen wrote in 1985, "I must say that I do find the history, practice and intensity of Judaism an extremely interesting philosophical package." In 1981, Anfinsen was offered the position of chief scientist of Tatlit, a scientific research company formed by Yeda, the corporate arm of the Weizmann Institute, and the U.S. Investment firm E.F. Hutton. Two weeks after the Anfinsens arrived in Israel, however, E.F. Hutton withdrew its funding from the project, leaving the couple in limbo. Anfinsen "stuck out the forced inactivity for about a year," as he observed a few years later, "but finally, needing some kind of active scientific base, wrote to friends at the Johns Hopkins University." In 1982, the university offered him a senior position as Professor of Biology and Assistant to the President for Industrial Liaison. From 1983 until 1995, Anfinsen's primary research concerned the study of "hypothermophilic bacteria," microorganisms that thrive at extremely high temperatures.

Throughout his distinguished career Anfinsen received numerous professional honors, including memberships in the American Philosophical Society, the Royal Danish Academy, and the Vatican's Pontifical Academy of Science. From 1962, he served on the Weizmann Institute's board of governors. He was an editor of the journal Advances in Protein Chemistry and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. He also focused considerable energies on a wide range of social and political issues including nuclear disarmament, environmental depredation, and human rights abuses committed against scientists in foreign nations. Aside from his many professional and scientific responsibilities, Anfinsen played viola and piano for relaxation. He was also an avid sailor and took regular excursions on his boat around the Chesapeake Bay and along the eastern seaboard from Boston to Miami. On 14 May 1995, Anfinsen suffered a heart attack and died at Northwest Hospital Center in Randallstown, Maryland, less than a year before his 80th birthday.

Brief Chronology

1916
Born Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Jr. in Monessen, Pennsylvania (March 26)
1937
Receives B.S., Swarthmore College
1939
Receives M.S. (organic chemistry), University of Pennsylvania
1939-40
Carlsberg Laboratory (Copenhagen), position as Fellow of the American Scandinavian Foundation
1941
Marries Florence Bernice Keneger; marriage ends, 1978
1943
Receives Ph.D. (biochemistry), Harvard Medical School
1943-50
Assistant professor, Department of Biological Chemistry, Harvard Medical School
1944-46
Civilian research position at Harvard for the Office of Scientific Research and Development
1947-48
Senior Fellow, sponsored by the American Cancer Society, at the Medical Nobel Institutte (Stockholm)
1950-52
Chief, Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, National Heart Institute (NHI), National Institutes of Health [NIH]
1952-62
Chief, Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, NHI
1954
Rockefeller Fellow, Carlsberg Laboratory (Copenhagen)
1954-62
Develops "thermodynamic principle" to describe protein folding in enzymes
1958-59
Guggenheim Fellow, Weizmann Institute of Science (Rehovot, Israel)
1959
The Molecular Basis of Evolution published
1962-63
Visiting Professor, Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry
1963-81
Chief, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases [NIAMD, then NIAMDD, later NIDDK]
1966-68
Uses affinity chromatography techniques to identify amino acid sequence in enzymes
1972
Shares Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Stanford Moore and William H. Stein
1973
Begins work on interferon
1979
Marries Libby Esther Shulman Ely
1981
Retires from NIH
1981-82
Weizmann Institute of Science, Visiting Professor of Biochemistry
1982-95
Professor, Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University
1983
Work on "hypothermophilic bacteria" commences
1995
Dies of heart attack in Randallstown, Maryland (May 14)
1996
International Conference on Protein Folding and Design, honoring Anfinsen (April 23-26)

Awards and Prizes

  1. Rockefeller Foundation Public Service Award
  2. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Travel Grant
  3. Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship for Travel
  4. National Science Foundation Travel Award
  5. Weizmann Institute of Science (Rehovot, Israel), Honorary Fellow
  6. All Souls College, Visiting Fellow
  7. American Society of Biological Chemists, President
  8. Nobel Prize in Chemistry (with Stanford Moore and William H. Stein)
  9. National Library of Medicine Medal
  10. William Lloyd Evans Memorial Award, Ohio State University

Editorial Boards

  1. Advances in Protein Chemistry, Editor
  2. Biopolymers
  3. Journal of Biological Chemistry
  4. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Honorary Degrees

  1. Adelphi University
  2. Brandeis University
  3. Georgetown University
  4. Gustavus Adolphus College
  5. New York Medical College
  6. Providence College
  7. Swarthmore College
  8. University of Las Palmas (Canary Islands)
  9. University of Naples
  10. University of Pennsylvania
  11. Yeshiva University

Lectureships

  1. Baird Hastings Memorial Lecture, Harvard Medical School
  2. EMBO Lecturer for Sweden
  3. Harvey Lecture?
  4. Jubilee Lecture, British Biochemical Society
  5. Kelly Lecture, Purdue University
  6. Kempner Lectureship, University of Texas Medical Branch (Galveston)
  7. Leon Lecture, University of Pennsylvania
  8. Mathers Lectures, Indiana University (Bloomington)
  9. Naff Lectures, University of Kentucky (Lexington)

Memberships

  1. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
  2. American Philosophical Society
  3. American Society of Biological Chemists
  4. National Academy of Sciences
  5. National Institute on Aging, board of scientific counselors
  6. Pontifical Academy of Science
  7. Royal Danish Academy

Professorships

  1. Center of Marine Biotechnology (University of Maryland), faculty affiliate
  2. Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry
  3. Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biology

Collection Summary

The collection consists primarily of materials related to Anfinsen's scientific career and is geared toward Anfinsen's research activities both inside and outside the laboratory. These scientific materials include professional correspondence with organizations or individuals, mostly from the 1980s; a long run of laboratory notebooks from 1961-1981, with most of the material by individuals other than Anfinsen; a collection of Anfinsen's publications from the 1950s to the 1990s; and a photographic collection containing portraits of Anfinsen's colleagues and an assortment of slides used for his scientific publications and lectures. Aside from a small number of clippings and articles, the collection contains few materials related to Anfinsen's receiving the 1972 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.

The collection also contains a small series of personal and biographical information. Most of this material includes biographical sketches, articles, and items related to several memorial services held for Anfinsen. During his leisure time Anfinsen spent many hours sailing, and the collection contains a few sailing logs and photographs from various excursions.

Nearly half of the collection consists of Anfinsen's professional correspondence files from the 1960s to the 1990s related to his scientific activities. Another one-third of the collection is made up of laboratory notebooks from the late-1960s and 1970s. The rest of the materials consist of publications, slides, photographs, and biographical materials. The bulk of the materials in the collection thus came from the late-1960s to the early 1990s. Despite the small amount of early materials and Nobel Prize related items, this collection effectively documents Anfinsen's late 1960s - 1970s laboratory work and professional activities.

Additional Description

Abstract

Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Jr. (1916-1995), was an American biochemist who shared the 1972 Nobel Prize for work that helped explain the structure and composition of proteins in living cells. The collection consists primarily of materials related to Anfinsen's scientific career and is geared toward Anfinsen's research activities both inside and outside of the laboratory.

Physical Location

Materials stored onsite. History of Medicine Division. National Library of Medicine

Provenance

Gift, Libby Anfinsen. Accession #2000-011/033/040. Materials found in boxes 41 and 42 are copies of two- and three-dimensional commemorative items Libby Anfinsen temporarily loaned to the National Library of Medicine in 2004.

Alternate Forms Available

Portions of the Collection have been digitized and are available at: https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov.

General

Processed by:
Aaron D. Purcell, David Serlin, Christie Mawhinney, and Meghan Attalla
Date completed:
1999; 2004
Encoded by:
Electronic Scriptorium

General

Appendix A: Audiovisual Items Located in Historic Audiovisual Collection

  1. "Christian Anfinsen on 'Good-Girl' -- Pre-Nobel Interview," 1972, VHS, 20 minutes [WZ 112 VC no.2 1972]
  2. "Bioengineering: Short Term Optimism and Long Term Risk," Nobel XIX Conference, 4-5 October 1983, Gustavus Adolphus College, Audiocassette, 30 minutes

Appendix B: Master List of Reprints and Numbers

  1. 1. Anfinsen, C.B., Lowry, O.H. and Hastings, A.B.: Application of the freezing-drying technique to retinal histochemistry. J. Cell. and Comp. Physiol. 20: 231-237, 1942.
  2. 2. Anfinsen, C.B.: The distribution of diphosphopyridine nucleotide in the bovine retina. J. Biol. Chem. 152: 273-284, 1944.
  3. 3. Anfinsen, C.B.: The distribution of cholinesterase in the bovine retina. J. Biol. Chem. 152: 267-278, 1944. *(Not in collection)
  4. 4. Anfinsen, C.B.: A micromanometric method for the determination of diphosphopyridine nucleotide. J. Biol. Chem. 152: 285-291, 1944.
  5. 5. Ball, E.G., Anfinsen, C.B., Geiman, Q.M.; McKee, R.W. and Ormsbee, R.A.: In vitro growth and multiplication of the malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi. Science 101: 542-344, 1945.
  6. 6. McKee, R.W., Ormsbee, R.A., Anfinsen, C.B., Geiman, Q.M. and Ball, E.G.: Studies on malarial parasites. VI. The chemistry and metabolism of normal and parasitized (P. knowlesi) monkey blood. J. Exp. Med.M 84:569-582, 1946.
  7. 7. Geiman, Q.M., Anfinsen, C.B., McKee, R.W., Ormsbee, R.A. and Ball, E.G.: Studies on malarial parasites. VII. Methods and techniques for cultivation. J. Exp. Med.34: 538-606, 1946.
  8. 8. Anfinsen, C.B., Geiman, Q.M., McKee, R.W., Ormsbee, B.A. and Ball, E.G.: Studies on malarial parasites. VIII. Factors affecting the growth of Plasmodium knowlesi in vitro. J. Exp. Med. 84: 607-621, 1946.
  9. 9. Anfinsen, C.B.: Determination of dauterium in the gradient tube, Preparation and Measurement of Isotopic Tracers, D. Wright Wilson, Editor, J.W. Edwards, Ann Arbor, 1946.
  10. 10. Anfinsen, C.B. and Claff, C.L.: An extension of the cartesian diver micro respirometer technique. J. Biol. Chem. 167: 27-33, 1947. *(Not in collection)
  11. 11. Ball, E.G., Anfinsen, C.B., and Cooper, O.: The inhibitory action of napthoquinones on respirator processes. J. Biol. Chem. 168: 257-270, 1947.
  12. 12. Anfinsen, C.B., Beloff, A., Hastings, A.B. and Solomon, A.K.: The in vitro turnover of dicarboxylic amino acids in liver slice proteins. J. Biol. Chem.168: 771-772, 1947.
  13. 13. Anfinsen, C.B.: The inhibitory action of maphthoguinones on respiratory process: the inhibition of cleavage and respiration in the eggs of Arbacia punctulata. J. Cell. and Comp. Physiol. 29: 323-332, 1947.
  14. 14. Solomon, A.K., Gould, R.G., and Anfinsen, C.B.: Energy of beta-radiation from S35 C14. Phys. Review 72: 1097-1100, 1947. *(Not in collection)
  15. 16. Ball, E.G., McKee, R.W., Anfinsen, C.B., Cruz, W.O. and Geiman, Q.M.: Studies on malarial parasites. IX. Chemical and metabolic changes during growth and multiplication in vivo and in vitro. J. Biol.Chem. 175: 547-571, 1943.
  16. 17. Beloff, A., and Anfinsen, C.B.: The products of proteolysis of some purified proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 176: 863-872, 1938.
  17. 18. Gould, R.G.; Hastings, A.B., Anfinsen, C.B., Rosenberg, I.N., Solomon, A.K. and Topper, Y.J.: Metabolism of isotopic pyruvate and acetate in rabbit liver slices in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 177: 727-731, 1949.
  18. 19. Hastings, A.B., Solomon, A.K, Anfinsen, C.B., Gould, R.G. and Rosenberg, I.N.: Incorporation of isotopic carbon dioxide in rabbit liver glycogen in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 177: 717-726, 1949.
  19. 20. Anfinsen, C. B., Beloff, A. and Solomon, A.K.: The incorporation of radioactive carbon dioxide and acetate into liver proteins in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 179: 1001-1013, 1949.
  20. 21. Buchanan, J. M., and Anfinsen, C.B.: Partial purification of aconitase.J. Biol. Chem. 180: 47-54, 1949.
  21. 22. Peters, T., Jr. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Production of radioactive serum albumin by liver slices. J. Biol. Chem. 182: 171-179, 1950.
  22. 23. Beecher, H. K., Francis, L. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Metabolic effects of anesthesia in man. J. Pharmacol. and Exp. Therap. 98: 38-44, 1950.
  23. 24. Anfinsen, C.B.: Radioactive crystalline ribonuclease. J. Biol. Chem.185: 827-831, 1950.
  24. 25. Peters, T.P. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Net production of serum albumin by liver slices. J. Biol. Chem. 186: 805-813, 1950.
  25. 26. Anfinsen, C.B. and Steinberg, D.: Studies on the biosynthesis of ovalbumin. J. Biol. Chem. 189: 739-744, 1951.
  26. 27. Steinberg, D. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Evidence for intermediate compounds in ovalbumin synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 199: 25-42, 1952.
  27. 28. Olson, J.A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Crystallization and characterization of L-glutamic acid dehydrogenase. J. Biol. Chem. 197: 67-79, 1952.
  28. 29. Anfinsen, C.B.: The peptic digestion of ribonuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 196:201-208, 1952.
  29. 30. Anfinsen, C.B., Flavin, M., Farnsworth, J.: Preliminary studies on ribonuclease structure. Biochem. et Biophys. Acta 9: 468-469, 1952.
  30. 31. Anfinsen, C.B.; Boyle, E. and Brown, R.K.: Role of heparin in lipoprotein metabolism. Science 115: 583-586, 1952.
  31. 32. Gordon, R.S., Jr. Boyle, E., Brown, R-K., Cherkes, A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The role of serum albumin in the lipemia clearing reaction. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. and Med. 84: 168-170, 1953.
  32. 33. Anfinsen, C.B. and Horning, M.: Enzymatic degradation of the cholesterol side chain in cell-free preparations. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 75: 1511, 1953.
  33. 34. Brown; R.K., Boyle, E. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The enzymatic transformation of lipoproteins. J. Biol. Chem. 204: 423-434, 1953.
  34. 35. Olson, J.A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Kinetic and equilibrium studies on crystalline L-glutamic dehydrogenase. J. Biol. Chem. 202: 841-856,1952.
  35. 36. Hendler, R.W., Horning, M.G. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The synthesis of radioactive L-glutamic acid. Arch. Biochem. and Biophys. 51; 470-474, 1954.
  36. 37. Anfinsen, C.B.: Fat metabolism. On the role of lipemia clearing factor in lipid transport. Fat Metabolism, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 93-110, 1954.
  37. 38. Anfinsen, C.B., Redfield, R.R., Choate, W.L., Page, J. and Carroll, W.R.: Studies on the gross structure, cross-linkages, and terminal sequences in ribonuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 207: 201-210, 1954.
  38. 39. Wang, J.H., Anfinsen, C.B. and Polestra, F.M.: The self-diffusion coefficients of water and ovalbumin in aqueous ovalbumin solutions at 10 degrees. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76: 4763, 1954.
  39. 40. Hendler, R.W. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The incorporation of carbon dioxide into both carboxyl groups of glutamic acid. J. Biol. Chem.209: 55-62, 1954.
  40. 41. Stadtman, T.C., Cherkes, A., and Anfinsen, C.B.: Studies on the microbiological degradation of cholesterol. J. Biol. Chem. 206: 511-523, 1954.
  41. 42. Anfinsen, C.B. and Kielley, W.W.: Biological oxidations. Annual Review of Biochemistry 23: 17-54, 1954.
  42. 43. Anfinsen, C.B.: Physiological aspects of lipid transport. National Research Council Symposium on Atherosclerosis, March, 1954. *(Not in collection)
  43. 44. Flavin, M., and Anfinsen, C.B.: The isolation and characterization of cysteic acid peptides applied to the study of ovalbumin synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 211: 375-390, 1954.
  44. 45. Vaughan, M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Nonuniform labeling of insulin and ribonuclease synthesized in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 211: 367-374, 1954.
  45. 46. Anfinsen, C.B.: Summary - second session, National Research Council Symposium on Atherosclerosis, March 23, 1954. *(Not in collection)
  46. 47. Anfinsen, C.B.: Lipoprotein metabolism in the etiology of atherosclerosis. Minnesota Medicine 38: 767-774, 1955.
  47. 48. Anfinsen, C.B.: Aconitase from pig heart muscle, in Methods in Enzymology, edited by Colowick and Kaplan, Academic Press, Inc. 1955. *(Not in collection)
  48. 49. Anfinsen, C.B.: The inactivation of ribonuclease by restricted pepsin digestion. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta 17: 593-594, 1955.
  49. 50. Anfinsen, C.B., Harrington, W.F., Hvidt, Aa, Linderstrom-Lang, K., Ottesen, M. and Schellman, J.: Studies on the structural basis of ribonuclease activity. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta 17: 141-142, 1955. *(Includes 1989 commentary)
  50. 51. Anfinsen, C.B.: On the structural basis of ribonuclease activity. Symposium on molecular structure and biological specificity. American Institute of Biological Sciences, Washington, D.C., October, 1955. *(Not in collection)
  51. 52. Anfinsen, C.B.: The limited digestion of ribonuclease with pepsin. J. Biol. Chem. 221:. 405-412, 1956.
  52. 53. Redfield, R.R. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The structure of ribonuclease. II. The preparation, separation and relative alignment of large enzymatically produced fragments. J. Biol. Chem. 221: 385-404, 1956.
  53. 54. Steinberg, D., Vaughan, M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Kinetic aspects of the assembly and degradation of proteins. Science 124: 389-395, 1956.
  54. 55. Anfinsen, C.B. and Redfield, R.R.: Protein structure in relation to function and synthesis, in Advances in Protein Chemistry Vol. XI, Academic Press, N.Y., pp. l-100, 1956.
  55. 56. Anfinsen, C.B.: Biochemical aspects of atherosclerosis. Fed. Proc.15: 894-899, 1956.
  56. 57. Anfinsen, C.B., Sela, M. and Tritch, H.: A method for the specific proteolytic cleavage of protein chains. Arch. Biochem. and Biophys.65: 156-163, 1956.
  57. 58. Anfinsen, C.B.: On the non-essential nature of hydrogen bonding for the catalytic activity of ribonuclease. Compt. Rend. des Trav. du Carlsberg. Ser. Chim. 30: 13-20, 1956.
  58. 59. Anfinsen, C. B.: Funzione dell' eparina nel metabolismo delle lipoproteine. Estratto dai Rendicanti Dell' Istituto Superiore di Sanita. Suppl. al Vol. XIX. Roma 1956. pp. 181 196.
  59. 60. Sela, M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Some spectrophotometric and polarimetric experiments with ribonuclease. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta 24: 229-235, 1957.
  60. 61. Sela, M., White, F.H., Jr. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Reductive cleavage of disulfide bridges in ribonuclease. Science 125: 691-692, l957.
  61. 62. Steinberg, D., Vaughan, M., Anfinsen, C.B. and Gorry, J.: Preparation of tritiated proteins by the Wilzbach method. Science 126: 447-448, 1957. *(Not in collection)
  62. 63. Ryle, A.P. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Studies on the disulfide bridges in ribonuclease. Biocheim. et Biophys. Acta 24: 633-635, 1957.
  63. 64. Horning, M.G., Fredrickson, D.S. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Studies on the enzymatic degradation of the cholesterol side chain. II. Requirements of the mitochondrial system. Arch. Biochem. and Biophys. 71: 266-273, 1957.
  64. 65. Anfinsen, C.B.: Structural basis of ribonuclease activity. Federation Proc. 16: 783-791, 1957. *(Not in collection)
  65. 66. Sela, M., Anfinsen, C.B. and Harrington, W.F.: The correlation of ribonuclease activity with specific aspects of tertiary structure. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta 26: 502-512, 1957. *(Not in collection)
  66. 67. Anfinsen, C.B.: The structure of ribonuclease in relation to its enzymatic activity and physical properties. Symposium on Protein Structure, Edited by Albert Neuberger, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N. Y.1958.
  67. 68. Sela, M., White, F.H., Jr. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds and its application to problems of protein structure. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta 31: 417-426, 1959. *(Not in collection)
  68. 69. Anfinsen, C. B.: Protein structure and biological activity, in A Symposium on Molecular Biology, Raymond E. Zirkle, ed., Univ of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1959.
  69. 70. Anfinsen, C.B., Aqvist, S.E.G., Cooke J.P., and Jonsson, B.: A comparative study of the structures of bovine and ovine pancreatic ribonucleases. J. Biol. Chem. 234: 1118-1123, 1959.
  70. 71. Aqvist, S.E.G. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The isolation and characterization of ribonucleases from sheep pancreas. J. Biol. Chem. 234: 1112-1117, 1959.
  71. 72. White, F.H. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Some relationships of structure to function in ribonuclease. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 81: 515-523, 1959.
  72. 73. White, F.H., Jr. and Anfinsen, C.B.: On the order of disulfide bondreduction in ribonuclease, in Sulfur in Proteins, Academic Press, New York, pp. 279-288, 1959.
  73. 74. Avigan, J. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Further observations on the structure and properties of serum lipoproteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 31: 249-251, 1959.
  74. 75. Anfinsen, C. B.: Some approaches to the study of active centers. J. Cellular Comp. Physiol. 54: Suppl. 1, 215, 1959.
  75. 76. Katz, A.M., Dreyer, W.J. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Peptide separation by two-dimensional chromatography and electrophoresis. J. Biol. Chem.234: 2897-2900, 1959.
  76. 77. Brown, R.K., Tacey, B.C., and Anfinsen, C.B.: The reaction of porcine and ovine ribonucleases with antibody to bovine ribonuclease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 39: 528, 1960.
  77. 78. Anfinsen, C.B.: The Molecular Basis of Evolution, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1959. *(Not in collection)
  78. 79. Anfinsen, C.B.: and White, F.H., Jr.: The ribonucleases, occurrence, structure and properties. The Enzymes, Second ed., Academic Press, New York, 1961; pp. 95-122.
  79. 80. Tuve, T.W. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Preparation and properties of spinach ribonuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 235: 3437-3441, 1960.
  80. 81. Anfinsen, C.B.: Genetic control of protein structure in bacteriophages. Fed. Proc. 20: 634-640, 1961.
  81. 82. Haber, E. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Regeneration of enzyme activity by air oxidation of reduced, subtilisin-modified ribonuclease. J. Biol. Chem.236: 422-424, 1961
  82. 83. Anfinsen, C.B.: The influences of three-dimensional configuration of the chemical reactivity and stability of proteins. J. Polymer Sci.49: 31-49, 1961
  83. 84. Anfinsen, C.B. and Haber, E.: Studies on the reduction and reformation of protein disulfide bonds. J. Biol. Chem. 236: 1361-1363, 1961.
  84. 85. Anfinsen, C.B.: Points of current interest in protein chemistry. Lab Invest. 10: 987-991, 1961.
  85. 86. Anfinsen, C.B.: Haber, E., Sela, M. and White, F.H., Jr.: The kinetics of formation of native ribonuclease during oxidation of the reduced polypeptide chain. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 47: 1309-1314, 1961.
  86. 87. Anfinsen, C.B.: Factors influencing the formation and maintenance of the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins. Presented at the Pontificia Academia Scientiarum Study Week. Oct. 23-30, 1961. The Vatican. *(Not in collection)
  87. 88. Epstein, C.J., Goldberger, R.F., Young, D.M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: A study of the factors influencing the rate and extent of enzymic reactivation during reoxidation of reduced ribonuclease. Arch. Biochem. Suppl. 1: 223-231, 1962.
  88. 89. Anfinsen, C.B.: Some observations on the basic principles of design in protein molecules. Fifth International Congress of Biochemistry, August 10-17, 1961, Moscow. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 4: 229, 1963. Pergamon Press.
  89. 90. Anfinsen, C.B., Sela, M. and Cooke, J.P.: The reversible reduction of disulfide bonds in polyalanyl ribonuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 237: 1825-1831, 1962.
  90. 91. Haber, E. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Side chain interactions governing the pairing of half-cystine residues in ribonuclease. J. Biol. Chem.237: 1839-1844, 1962.
  91. 92. Potts, J.T., Berger, A., Cooke, J.P. and Anfinsen, C.B.: A reinvestigation of the sequence of residues eleven to eighteen in bovinepancreatic ribonuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 237: 1851-1855, 1962.
  92. 93. Goldberger, R.F. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The reversible masking of amino groups in ribonuclease and its possible usefulness in the synthesis of the protein. Biochemistry 1: 401-405, 1962.
  93. 94. Epstein, C.J. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The reversible reduction of disulfide bonds in trypsin and ribonuclease coupled to carboxymethyl-cellulose. J. Biol. Chem. 237: 2175-2179, 1962.
  94. 95. Anfinsen, C.B.: Amino acid sequence as the major determinant of structure and function in proteins. In Gellhorn, A. and Hirschberg (Eds):Basic Problems in Neoplastic Disease. New York, Columbia Univ. Press, 1962, pp. 112-130. *(Not in collection)
  95. 96. Epstein, D.J. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Reversible reduction and reoxidation of poly-DL-alanyl trypsin. J. Biol. Chem. 237: 3464-3467, 1962.
  96. 97. Epstein, C.J., Anfinsen, C.B. and Sela, M.: The properties of poly-DL-alanyl chymotrypsin. J. Biol. Chem. 237: 3458-3463, 1962.
  97. 98. Anfinsen, C.B.: Macromolecular considerations of cellular organization.In Canadian Cancer Conference. New York, Academic Press, 1963. Vol. 5, pp. 3-9.
  98. 99. Anfinsen, C.B.: The tertiary structure of ribonuclease. Brookhaven Symposia in Biology 15: 184-198, 1962. *(Not in collection)
  99. 100. Anfinsen, C.B.: General remarks on protein structure and biosynthesis. In Symposium on Informational Macromolecules. New York, Academic Press, 1963, pp. l53-166.
  100. 101. Goldberger, R.F., Epstein, C.J., and Anfinsen, C.B.: Acceleration of reactivation of reduced bovine panreatic ribonuclease by a microsomal system from rat liver. J. Biol. Chem. 238: 628-635, 1963
  101. 102. Epstein, C.J. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The use of gel filtration in the isolation and purification of beef insulin. Biochem. 2: 461-464, May-June 1963.
  102. 103. Cooke, J.P., Anfinsen, C.B. and Sela, M.: The identification of unreactive amino groups in ribonuclease and their significance to enzymatic activity. J. Biol. Chem. 238: 2034-2039, 1963. *(Not in collection)
  103. 104. Canfield, R.E., and Anfinsen, C.B.: Chromatography of pepsin and chymotrypsin digests of egg white lysozyme on phosphocellulose. J.Biol. Chem. 238, 2684, 1963.
  104. 105. Canfield, R.E. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Nonuniform labeling of egg white lysozyme. Biochem. 2: 1073-1078, 1963.
  105. 106. Canfield, R.E. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Concepts and experimental approaches in the determination of the primary structure of proteins. In Neurath, H. (ed.): The Proteins. New York, Academic Press, 1963. Vol.1, pp. 311-378.
  106. 107. Anfinsen, C.B., Rumley, M.K., and Taniuchi, H.: Structural andenzymatic properties of the extracellular nuclease of micrococcus pyogenes. Acta Chemica Scand. 17: 270-276, 1963.
  107. 108. Potts, J.T., Jr., Young, D.M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Reconstitution of fully active RNase S by carboxypeptidase-degraded RNase S-peptide.J. Biol. Chem. 238: 2593-2594, 1963.
  108. 109. Brown, R.K., Trzpis, M.A., Sela, M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Studies on the antigenic structure of ribonuclease. IV. Polyalanyl ribonuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 238: 3876-3883, 1963.
  109. 110. Epstein, C.J., Goldberger, R.F. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The genetic control of tertiary protein structure: studies with model systems. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. on Quant. Biol. XXVIII, 439-449, 1963.
  110. 111. Anfinsen, C.B.: On the possibility of predicting tertiary structure from primary sequence. In Sela, M. (Ed), New Perspectives in Biology. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Elsevier Pub. Co., 1964. pp. 42-50. *(Not in collection)
  111. 112. Goldberger, R.F., Epstein, C.J. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Purification and properties of a microsomal enzyme system catalyzing the reactivation of reduced ribonuclease and lysozyme. J. Biol. Chem. 239: 1406-1410, 1964.
  112. 113. Potts, J.T., Jr., Young, D.M., Anfinsen, C.B. and Sandoval, A.: Studies on ribonuculease S. I. Limited carboxy peptidase degradation of ribonuclease S-protein and ribonuclease S-peptide: effects of changes in primary structure on enzymic activity. J. Biol. Chem. 239: 3781-3786, 1964.
  113. 114. Givol, D., Goldberger, R.F. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Oxidation and disulfide interchange in the reactivation of reduced ribonuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 239: 3114-3116, 1964.
  114. 115. Craven, G.R., Steers, E., Jr., and Anfinsen, C.B.: Purification, Composition, and molecular weight of the B-galactosidase of Escherichia Coli K12. J. Biol. Chem. 240: 2468-2477, 1965.
  115. 116. Steers, E., Jr., Craven, G.R., Anfinsen, C.B. and Bethune, J.L.: Evidence for non-identical chains in the B-galactosidase of Escherichia coli K12. J. Biol. Chem. 240: 2478-2484, 1965.
  116. 117. Givol, D., DeLorenzo, F., Goldberger, R.F. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Disulfide interchange and the three-dimensional structure of proteins. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 53: 676-684, 1965. *(Not in collection)
  117. 118. Anfinsen, C.B.: Molecular structure and the function of proteins. In Allen, J.M. (Ed): Molecular Organization and Biological Function (Modern Perspectives in Biology). New York, Harper & Row, 1966, pp. l-19. *(Not in collection)
  118. 119. Givol, D., Craven, G.R., Steers, E., Jr. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Effect of limited digestion by proteolytic enzymes on Escherichia coli B galactosidase. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 113: 120-125, 1966.
  119. 120. Steiner, R.F., DeLorenzo, F. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Enzymically-catalyzed disulfide interchange in randomly cross-linked soy bean trypsin inhibitor J. Biol. Chem. 240: 4648-4651, 1965.
  120. 121. Steers, E., Jr., Craven, G.R. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Comparison of B-galactosidases from normal (k-o+z+) and operator constitutive(i-ocz+) strains of E. coli. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 54: 1174-1181
  121. 122. Korenman, S.G., Craven, G.R. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Determination of the carboxyl-terminal amino acid residue of the B-galactosidase of Escherichia coli K12. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 124: 160-165, 1966.
  122. 123. DeLorenzo, F., Goldberger, R.F., Steers, E., Jr., Givol, D. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Purification and properties of an enzyme from beef liver which catalyzes sulfhydryl-disulfide interchange in proteins.J. Biol. Chem. 241: 1562-1567, 1966.
  123. 124. Heins, J.N., Suriano, J.R., Taniuchi, H. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Characterization of a nuclease produced by Staphylococcus aureus. J. Biol. Chem. 242, 1016-1020, 1967.
  124. 125. Taniuchi, H. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The amino acid sequence of an extracellular nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus. I. Linear order of the fragments produced by cleavage with cyanogen bromide. J. Biol.Chem. 241: 4366-4385, 1966.
  125. 126. Anfinsen, C.B.: The formation of the tertiary structure of proteins.Harvey Lectures, Series 61, 1967. Academic Press, Inc., New York, p. 95.
  126. 127. Fuchs, S., DeLorenzo, F. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Studies on the mechanismof the enzymic catalysis of disulfide interchange in proteins. J.Biol. Chem. 242: 298-402, 1967.
  127. 128. DeLorenzo, F., Fuchs, S. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Characterization of apeptide fragment containing the essential half-cystine residue of amicrosomal disulfide interchange enzyme. Biochem. 5: 3961-3965, 1966. *(Not in collection)
  128. 129. Cuatrecasas, P., Fuchs, S., and Anfinsen, C.B.: Catalytic propertiesand specificity of the extracellular nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus.J. Biol. Chem. 242: 1541-1547, 1967.
  129. 130. Cuatrecasas, P., Fuchs, S., and Anfinsen, C.B.: The binding ofnucleotides and calcium to the extracellular nuclease of Staphylococcusaureus: studies by gel filtration. J. Biol. Chem. 242: 3063-3067,1967.
  130. 131. Taniuchi, H., Anfinsen, C.B. and Sodja, A.: The amino acid sequenceof an extracellular nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus. II. The aminoacid sequences of tryptic and chymotryptic peptides. J. Biol. Chem. 242: 4736-4751, 1967.
  131. 132. Taniuchi, H., Anfinsen, C.B. and Sodja, A.: The amino acid sequence of an extracellular nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus, V8. III. Complete amino acid sequence. J. Biol. Chem. 242: 4752-4758, 1967.
  132. 133. Cuatrecasas, P., Fuchs, S. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The interaction of nucleotides with the active site of staphylococcal nuclease: spectrophotometric studies. J. Biol. Chem. 242: 4759-4767, 1967.
  133. 134. Fuchs, S., Cuatrecasas, P. and Anfinsen, C.B.: An improved method for the purification of staphylococcal nuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 242: 4768-4770, 1967.
  134. 135. Taniuchi, H., Anfinsen, C.B. and Sodja, A.: Nuclease-T: an active derivative of staphylococcal nuclease composed of two noncovalently bonded peptide fragments. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 58: 1235-1242, 1967.
  135. 136. Anfinsen, C.B., Ontjes, D., Ohno, M., Corley, L. and Eastlake, A.:The synthesis of protected peptide fragments of a staphylococcal nuclease. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 58: 1806-1811, 1967.
  136. 137. Ohno, M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Removal of protected peptides byhydrazinolysis after solid phase synthesis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89: 5994-5995, 1967.
  137. 138. Cuatrecasas, P., Edelhoch, H. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Fluorescence studies of the interaction of nucleotides with the active site of the nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 58: 2043-2050, 1967.
  138. 139. Cuatrecasas, P., Fuchs, S. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The effect of a competitive inhibitor on the acetylation of tyrosyl and lysyl residues of staphylococcal nuclease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 159: 417-419, 1968.
  139. 140. Cusumano, C.L., Taniuchi, H., and Anfinsen, C.B.: Staphylococcal nuclease (Foggi strain). I. Order of cyanogen bromide fragments and a "fourth" histidine. J. Biol. Chem. 243: 4769-4777, 1968.
  140. 141. Taniuchi, H. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Steps in the formation of active derivatives of staphylococcal nuclease during trypsin digestion. J.Biol. Chem. 243: 4778-4786, 1968.
  141. 142. Cuatrecasas, P., Fuchs, S. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The tyrosyl residues at the active site of staphylococcal nuclease: modifications by tetranitromethane. J. Biol. Chem. 243: 4787-4798, 1968.
  142. 143. Cuatrecasas, P., Taniuchi, H., Anfinsen, C.B. and Ontjes, D.: The structural basis of the catalytic function of staphylococcal nuclease. Brookhaven Symp. Biol. 21: 172-200, 1968.
  143. 144. Anfinsen, C.B.: Spontaneous formation of the three-dimensional structure of proteins. Proc. 27th Symp. Soc. Study of Devel. & Growth, June 19-21, 1968, Ithaca, pp. l-20.
  144. 145. Fuchs, S., Cuatrecasas, P., Ontjes, D.A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Correlation between the antigenic and catalytic properties of staphylococcal nuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 244: 943-950, 1969.
  145. 146. Anfinsen, C.B.: Characterization of staphylococcal nuclease and the status of studies on its chemical synthesis. Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Chem. of Natural Products, July 8-13, 1968. London. Pure and Applied Chem. 17: 461-487, 1968.
  146. 147. Cuatrecasas, P., Wilchek, M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Selective enzyme purification by affinity chromatography. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 61:636-643, 1968.
  147. 148. Cuatrecasas, P., Fuchs, S. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Crosslinking of aminotyrosyl residues in the active site of staphylococcal nuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 244: 406-412, 1969.
  148. 149. Ontjes, D.A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Solid phase synthesis of a polypeptide sequence from staphylococcal nuclease. Proc. 1st Amer. Peptide Symp., August 11-15, New Haven, Conn. 1968.
  149. 150. Omenn, G.S. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Solid phase peptide coupling. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 90, 6571-6572, 1968.
  150. 151. Cuatrecasas, P., Wilchek, M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Staphylococcal Nuclease: on the size and specificity of the active site. Science 162: 1491-1493, 1968.
  151. 152. Moravek, L., Anfinsen, C.B., Cone, J.L. and Taniuchi, H.: The large scale preparation of an extracellular nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Biol. Chem. 244: 497-499, 1969.
  152. 153. Schechter, A.N., Moravek, L. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Suppression of hydrogen exchange in staphylococcal nuclease by ligands. Proc. Nat.Acad. Sci. 61: 1478-1493, 1968.
  153. 154. Kato, I. and Anfinsen, C.B.: On the stabilization of ribonuclease-S-protein by ribonuclease-S-peptide. J. Biol. Chem. 244: 1004-1007, 1969.
  154. 155. Cuatrecasas, P., Milchek, M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The action of staphylococcal nuclease on synthetic substrates. Biochem. 8: 2277-2284, 1969.
  155. 156. Taniuchi, H. and Anfinsen, C.B.: An experimental approach to the study of the folding of staphylococcal nuclease. J. Biol. Chem.244: 3864-3875, 1969.
  156. 157. Cuatrecasas, P., Wilchek, M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Affinity labeling of the active site of staphylococcal nuclease. Reactions with bromoacetylated substrate analogues. J. Biol. Chem. 244: 4316-4329, 1969.
  157. 158. Schechter, A.N., Moravek, L. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Hydrogen exchange in proteins as a measure of solvent exclusion due to ligands: nuclease and myoglobin. J. Biol. Chem. 244: 4981-4988, 1969.
  158. 159. Taniuchi, H., Moravek, L. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Ligand-induced resistance of staphylococcal nuclease and nuclease-T to proteolysis by subtilisin, a-chymotrypsin and thermolysin. J. Biol. Chem. 244: 4600-4606, 1969.
  159. 160. Ontjes, D.A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Solid phase synthesis of a 42 residue fragment of staphylococcal nuclease: properties of a semi-synthetic enzyme. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 64: 428-435, 1969.
  160. 161. Kato, I. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Purification of synthetic RNase-S-peptide derivatives by specific complex formation on columns of RNase-R-protein bound to agarose. J. Biol. Chem. 244: 5849-5866, 1969.
  161. 162. Anfinsen, C.B. and Corley, L.G.: An active variant of staphylococcal nuclease protected carboxyl-terminal tetradecapeptide sequence of staphylococcal nuclease. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 91: 6842-6846, 1969.
  162. 163. Ohno, M., Eastlake, A., Ontjes, D.A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Synthesis of a fully protected carboxyl-terminal tetradecapeptide sequence of staphylococcal nuclease. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 91: 6842-6846, 1969. *(draft)
  163. 164. Omenn, G.S., Ontjes, D.A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Fractionation of antibodies against staphylococcal nuclease on Sepharose immunoadsorbents. Nature. 225: 189-190, 1970.
  164. 165. Ontjes, D.A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Synthetic studies of structure-function relationships in staphylococcal nuclease: synthetic analogues of fragment P2. J. Biol. Chem. 244: 6316-6322, 1969.
  165. 166. Omenn, G.S., Cuatrecasas, P. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Studies of the aromatic circular dichroism of staphylococcal nuclease. Proc. Nat.Acad. Sci. 64: 923-930, 1969.
  166. 167. Schechter, A.N., Chen, R.F. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The kinetics of the folding of staphylococcal nuclease. Science 167: 886-887, 1970.
  167. 168. Omenn, G.S., Fontana, A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Modification of the single tryptophan residue of staphylococcal nuclease by a new mild oxidizing agent. J. Biol. Chem. 245: 1895-1902, 1970.
  168. 169. Anfinsen, C.B., Ontjes, D.A. and Chaiken, I.M.: Synthetic analogues of a biologically active fragment of staphylococcal nuclease. Proc. 10th European Symp. Peptides 1969.
  169. 170. Omenn, G.S., Ontjes, D.A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Immunochemistry of staphylococcal nuclease. I. Physical, enzymatic, and immunological studies of chemically modified derivatives. Biochem. 9: 304-312,1970.
  170. 171. Omenn, G.S., Ontjes, D.A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Immunochemistry of staphylococcal nuclease. II. Inhibition and binding studies with sequence fragments. Biochem. 2: 313-321, 1970.
  171. 172. Chaiken, I.M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: A study of the role of histidine residue 46 in staphylococcal nuclease by solid phase peptide synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 245: 2337-2341, 1970.
  172. 173. Cuatrecasas, P. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Affinity chromatography. Methods in Enzymology, vol. XXII, New York, Academic Press. 1971, p. 345-378.
  173. 174. Ohno, M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Partial enzymic deprotection in the synthesis of a protected octapeptide bearing a free terminal carboxyl group. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92: 4098-4102, 1970.
  174. 175. Chaiken, I.M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: A solid phase synthetic study of structure-function relationships in the amino-terminal region of staphylococcal nuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 245: 4718-4723, 1970.
  175. 176. Chaiken, I.M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: A solid phase synthetic study of the active site region of staphylococcal nuclease-T. J. Biol. Chem. 246: 2285-2290, 1971.
  176. 177. Taniuchi, H. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Simultaneous formation of two alternative enzymically active structures by complementation of two overlapping fragments of staphylococcal nuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 246: 2291-2301, 1971.
  177. 178. Anfinsen, C.B., Schechter, A.N. and Taniuchi, H.: Some aspects of the structure of staphylococcal nuclease. Part II. Studies in solution. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. XXXVI: 249-255, 1971. *(not in collection)
  178. 179. Cuatrecasas, P. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Affinity chromatography. Ann.Review of Biochem. 40: 259-278, 1971.
  179. 180. Anfinsen, C.B., Cuatrecasas, P. and Taniuchi, H.: Staphylococcal nuclease, chemical properties and catalysis. The Enzymes, Vol. IV. New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1971. pp. 177-204.
  180. 181. Izumiya, N. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Synthesis of phenylalanyl-arginyl-leucyl-aspartic acid: a model study of the coupling of arginine-terminal tryptic fragments of proteins. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 144:237-244, 1971.
  181. 182. Cone, J.L., Cusumano, C.L., Taniuchi, H. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Staphylococcal nuclease (Foggi strain). II. The amino acid sequence. J. Biol. Chem. 246: 3103-3110, 1971.
  182. 183. Epstein, H.F., Schechter, A.N., Chen, R.F. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The folding of staphylococcal nuclease: kinetic studies of two processes in acid renaturation. J. Mol. Biol. 60: 499-508, 1971.
  183. 184. Arnon, R., Maron, E., Sela, M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Antibodies reactive with native oysozyme elicited by a completely synthetic antigen. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68: 1450-1455, 1971.
  184. 185. Anfinsen, C.B.: Synthetic analogeus of staphylococcal nuclease: studies of activity and conformation. Proc. 23rd Int. Cong. of Pure and Applied Chemistry, July 1971, Boston, Mass. *(also in Japanese)
  185. 186. Parikh, I., Corley, L. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Semi-synthetic analogues of an enzymically active complex formed between two overlapping fragments of staphylococcal nuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 246: 7392-7397, 1971.
  186. 187. Taniuchi, H., Davies, D.R., and Anfinsen, C.B.: A comparison of the X-ray diffraction patterns of crystals of reconstituted nuclease-T and of native staphylococcal nuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 247: 3362-3364, 1972.
  187. 188. Zeiger, A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Progress of the classical synthesis of "fragment P2" (residues 6-47) of staphylococcal nuclease-T. Prog. Peptide Research Vol. 2, pp. 307-316, 1972.
  188. 189. Corley, L., Sachs, D.H. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Rapid solid-phase synthesis of bradykinin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 47. 1353-1359, 1972.
  189. 190. Anfinsen, C.B.: The formation and stabilization of protein structure. The Sixth Jubilee Lecture. Biochem. J. 128: 737-749, 1972.
  190. 191. Sachs, D.H., Schechter, A.N., Eastlake, A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Inactivation of staphylococcal nuclease by the binding of antibodies to a distinct antigenic determinant. Biochemistry 11: 4268-4273, 1972.
  191. 192. Zeiger, A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Synthesis of a fully protected heptacosapeptide norleucine analogue corresponding to positions 20-47 of the primary structure of staphylococcal nuclease. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 95: 880-886, 1973.
  192. 193. Sachs, D.H., Schechter, A., Eastlake, A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Antibodies to a distinct antigenic determinant of staphylococcal nuclease. J.Immunol. 109: 1300-1310, 1972.
  193. 194. Sachs, D.H., Schechter, A., Eastlake, A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: An immunologic approach to the conformational equilibria of polypeptides. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69: 3790-3794, 1972.
  194. 195. Sanchez, G.R., Chaiken, I.M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Structure-function relationships at the active site of nuclease-T'. J. Biol. Chem. 248: 3653-3659, 1973.
  195. 196. Fisher, W.R., Taniuchi, H. and Anfinsen, C.B.: On the role of heme in the formation of the structure of cytochrome c. J. Biol. Chem. 248: 3188-3195, 1973.
  196. 197. Anfinsen, C.B.: Studies on the principles that govern the folding of protein chains. Les Prix Nobel En 1972. *(Not in collection)
  197. 198. Anfinsen, C.B.: Principles that govern the folding of protein chains. Science 181: 223-230, 1973. (Nobel Lecture).
  198. 199. Peters, T., Taniuchi, H. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Affinity chromatography of serum albumin with fatty acids immobilized on agarose. J. Biol. Chem. 248: 2447-2451, 1973.
  199. 200. Dunn, B.M., DiBello, C. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The pH-dependence of the steady state kinetics parameters for staphylococcal nuclease catalyzed hydrolysis of deoxythymidine-d'-phosphate-5'-p-nitrophenylphosphate in H20 and D20. J. Biol. Chem. 248: 4769-4774, 1973.
  200. 201. Furie; B., Eastlake, A., Schechter, A.N. and Anfinsen, C.B.: The interaction of the lanthanide ions with staphylococcal nuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 248: 5821-5825, 1973.
  201. 202. Fuchs, S., Sela, M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Nuclease-coated bacteriophage: a sensitive tool for studying antigenic reactivity of synthetic sequence fragments. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 154: 601-605, 1973.
  202. 203. Dunn, B.M., Anfinsen, C.B. and Shrager, R.I.: Kinetics of Woodward's reagent K hydrolysis and reaction with staphylococcal nuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 249: 3717-3723, 1974.
  203. 204. Furie, B., Schechter, A.N., Sachs, D.H. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Antibodies to the unfolded form of a helix-rich region in staphylococcal nuclease. Biochemistry 13: 1561-1566, 1974.
  204. 205. Eastlake, A., Sachs, D.H., Schechter, A.N. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Binding of univalent antibody fragments to a distinct antigenic determinant of staphylococcal nuclease. Biochemistry 13: 1567-1571, 1974.
  205. 206. Sachs, D.H., Schechter, A.N., Eastlake, A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: An immunologic distinction between possible origins of enzymatic activity in a polypeptide fragment of staphylococcal nuclease. Nature 251: 242-244, 1974.
  206. 207. Anfinsen, C.B., Bose, S., Corley, L. and Gurari-Rotman, D.: Partial purification of human interferon by affinity chromatography. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71: 3139-3142, 1974.
  207. 208. Anfinsen, C.B.: The Weizmann Institute of the past 15 years. Rehovot, 1974.
  208. 209. Furie, B., Schechter, A.N., Sachs, D.H. and Anfinsen, C. B.: An immunological approach to the conformational equilibrium of staphylococcal nuclease. J. Mol. Biol. 92: 497-506, 1975.
  209. 210. Anfinsen, C.B. and Scheraga, H.A.: Experimental and theoretical aspects of protein folding. In Anfinsen, C.B., Edsall, J.T. and Richards, F.M. (Eds): Advances in Protein Chemistry. New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1975, Vol.29, pp. 205-300. *(Not in collection)
  210. 211. Bose, S., Gurari-Rotman, D., Rüegg, U.Th., Corley, L. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Apparent dispensability of the carbohydrate moiety of human interferon for antiviral activity. J. Biol. Chem. 251: 1659-1662, 1976.
  211. 212. Anfinsen, C.B.: One Hundred Years of Originality, Quality and Style. (Lecture given at the Centennial of the Carlsberg Laboratory, Copenhagen, September 27, 1976). Carlsberg Res. Commun. 41: 293-298, 1976.
  212. 213. Bridgen, P.J., Anfinsen, C.B., Corley, L., Bose, S., Zoon, K.C., Ruegg, U.Th. and Buckler, C.E.: Human lymphoblastoid interferon: large scale production and partial purification. J. Biol. Chem. 252: 6585-6587, 1977.
  213. 214. Zoon, K.C., Smith, M.E., Bridgen, P.J., zur Nedden, D. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Purification of human lymphoblastoid interferon. Interferon Workshop, Sloan-Kettering, 1979. *(Not in collection)
  214. 215. Anfinsen, C.B.: Biological synthesis of peptide hormones. Miles Symposium, 1979. *(Not in collection)
  215. 216. Zoon, K.C., Smith, M.E., Bridgen, P.J., zur Nedden, D. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Purification and partial characterization of human lymphoblastoid interferon. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76: 5601-5605, 1979.
  216. 217. Zoon, K.C., Smith, M.E., Bridgen, P.J. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Amino terminal sequence of the major component of human lymphoblastoid interferon. Science 207: 527-528, 1980.
  217. 218. Zoon, K.C., Smith, M.E., Bridgen, P.J., zur Nedden, D., Miller, D.M. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Human lymphoblastoid interferon: purification, amino acid composition and amino-terminal sequence. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 350: 390-398, 1980.
  218. 219. Anfinsen, C.B.: Human interferon. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 6: 110-118, 1981.
  219. 220. Smith, M.E., Komoriya, A. and Anfinsen, C.B.: Chemical Synthesis and Properties of Fragments of Human Leukocyte Interferon. In deMaeyer, E., Galasso, G. and Schellekens, H. (Eds): The Biology of the Interferon System. New York, Elsevier/North Holland Biomed. Press, 1981. *(Not in collection)
  220. 221. Anfinsen, C.B.: The use of affinity chromatography in the study of protein fo1ding, in Affinity Chromatography and Biological Recognition, I. Chaiken, M. Wilchek, I. Parikh (Eds.). Orlando, Academic Press, 1983, pp. 355-361. *(includes draft)
  221. 222. Meadow, N., P. Coyle, A. Komoriya, C.B. Anfinsen, and S. Roseman: Limited proteolysis of IIIG1c, a regulatory protein of the phosphoenolpyruvate: Glycose phosphotransferase system, by membrane-associated enzymes from Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia Coli. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 13504-13509, 1986.
  222. 223. Anfinsen, C.B.: Classical protein chemistry in a world of slicing and splicing, in Protein Engineering. Masayori, R. Sarma (Eds.), Orlando, Academic Press, 1986, pp. 3-13.
  223. 224. Rudzki, J., D. Shortle, D., C.B. Anfinsen, and L. Brand: Intrinsic fluorescence of wild type in mutant forms of staphylococcal nuclease. Biochemistry, submitted for publication 1987. *(Not in collection)
  224. 225. Skaja, A.K., C.B. Anfinsen, and M. Kelly. Use of high performance liquid affinity chromatography for protein recovery and thermostability analysis. November 1988. Annual Meeting, Wash., D.C. 1988. *(Not in collection)
  225. 226. Laderman, K.A., F.R. Davis, H.C. Krutzsch, M.C. Lewis, and C.B. Anfinsen. The purification and characterization of an extremely thermostable a-amylase from the hyperthermophilic archaebacterium Pyrococcus furiosus. J. Biol. Chem., 268, 24394-24401, 1993.
  226. 227. Laderman, K.A., B. Asada, T. Uemori, H. Mukai, Y. Taguchi, I. Koto and C-B. Anfinsen. a-Amylase from the hyperthemophilic archaebacterium Pyrococcus Furiosus. Cloning and sequencing of the gene and expression in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem., 268, 24402-24407, 1993.
  227. 228. Stagsted, J., C. Capelli, C. Meyers, B.W. Matthews, C.B. Anfinsen, A. Goldstein and L. Olsson. Amino acid residues essential for biological activity of a peptide derived from a major histocompatibility complex class I antigen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 7686-7690, 1993. *(includes draft)
  228. Kept with #50 Commentary by CBA on "Studies on the structural basis of ribonuclease activity" by CBA, W.F. Harrington, Aa. Hvidt, K. Linderstrom-Long, M. Ottesen and J. Schellman. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 17 (1955):141-142, reprinted in Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1000 (1989): 197-199.

Subjects

Related Names

Finding Aid & Administrative Information

Title
Finding Aid to the Christian Anfinsen Papers, 1939-1999 (bulk 1964-1999)
Status
Unverified Partial Draft
Author
Aaron D. Purcell, David Serlin, Christie Mawhinney, and Meghan Attalla
Date
2000; 2004
Language of description
English
Script of description
Latn
Language of description note
Finding aid is written in English
Edition statement
Version 1.0

Revision Statements

  • March 23, 2004: PUBLIC "-//National Library of Medicine::History of Medicine Division//TEXT (US::DNLM::MS C 496::Christian Anfinsen, P.h.D.)//EN" "anfinsen" converted from EAD 1.0 to 2002 by v1to02.xsl (sy2003-10-15).

Physical Storage Information

Collecting Area Details

Collecting Area Details

Part of the Archives and Modern Manuscripts Collections Collecting Area

Contact:
8600 Rockville Pike
Bldg 38/1E-21, MSC 3819
Bethesda MD 20894 US
1-888-FINDNLM (1-888-346-3656)